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#1
2010-10-13, 10:26
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Sv: Santorini, never again
Citat:
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#2
2010-10-14, 16:17
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Sv: Santorini, never again
Det finns bra Santorini-siter med info, men de innehåller reklam o får enligt Kalimeras regler därför inte länkas. Du kan maila till mig så får Du länken.
För den som orkar läsa en längre engelsk text finns bl a följande information att hitta på nätet: THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF REMODELING THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE. Introduction - Data Akrotiri is located at the southern end of Thera, or Santorini, the southernmost island in the archipelago of the Cyclades, and lies approximately 60 nautical miles north of Crete. Thanks to its strategic geographical position, the island played an important role in the history of the Aegean in general. A significant factor that seriously affected developments both on the island itself and in the wider Aegean region, is the nowadays dormant volcano. To one of its eruptions, at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age (around the mid-seventeenth century BC), the collapse of the Minoan civilization on Crete has often been attributed. Certainly this eruption, the magnitude of which is estimated to have been about four times that of Krakatao, caused the submergence of a large part of the island of Thera and the burial of the remaining section under a thick mantle of volcanic ash. A large city, perhaps the only one on the island in the Bronze Age, was buried close to the site of the modern village of Akrotiri. On account of the excellent state of preservation of the ruins, the unique works of art that embellished the buildings and the abundance of information on early society in the Aegean, as well as the geological phenomena in the region, the excavation yields, the archaeological site at Akrotiri has rapidly become one of the most attractive for thousands of people with diverse interests. The interdisciplinary approach to the manifold problems, through organizing international conferences, and the considerable publicity given to the excavation from the outset, have undoubtedly contributed to stimulating the interest of the world scientific community and the general public alike. The necessity of constructing a shelter over the prehistoric city at Akrotiri on Thera, in order to protect from the elements the multi-storey buildings being brought to light, was realized by its first excavator, Professor S. Marinatos. Over the thirty years of its existence, that shelter has proved salvationary for the monuments.However, on account of the site's proximity to the sea and the acidity of the volcanic deposits, the DEXION metal frame has been badly corroded and is now in a precarious state. Moreover, the high asbestos content of the ELLENIT sheets roofing the shelter is a health hazard that contravenes EU legislation. Consequently the need to replace the shelter is immediate and imperative, both to avert the imminent danger of its collapse, with obvious direct and disastrous effects on the ruins and the 250,000 or so visitors to the site annually, and to obviate the pollution of staff and visitors by the carcinogen asbestos. Concurrently, a maximum benefit of the present project is its contribution to the development of Santorini and the Cyclades in general, by attracting cultural and educational tourism. Due to the ongoing process of excavation, conservation and documentation at the prehistoric settlement Akrotiri has developed into a particularly dynamic visit able archaeological site of worldwide renown. Consequently the new shelter must accommodate diverse functions, because alongside the archaeologists, researchers and excavation technicians working under it, are the thousands of visitors who circulate daily within the site, whose different schedules and interests dictate both the duration and the extent of their visit. The present study includes the full architectural, static and electrical mechanical applications study, the study of seismic risk, the soil-mechanics study, the study of simulations of natural cooling and lighting, the bill of quantities, the budget and the technical description of the construction of the entire project. It is the follow up to the preliminary study approved by the decision of the Central Archaeological Council 40/07.11.95, based on the results of the actual measurements and economic values derived from the construction of the full-scale pilot-experimental model, and is an original and innovative intervention in an archeological site, utilizing mild forms of energy and ecological materials. ]2. Aims of the design Experience gained over the past thirty years from the operation and shelter of the archaeological site, coupled with advances in technology, not only permit multiple improvements of the existing situation by constructing the new shelter but also constitute the aims of the design as described below. - To improve the protection of the monuments, staff and visitors, by using more durable materials and controlling absolutely the solar energy falling on the shelter. - To rehabilitate externally the landscape by covering the entire shelter with the volcanic soil of the environment. - To improve conditions of circulation for visitors and to ensure healthier conditions for personnel in the site (guards, workmen, archaeologists etc.). - To enhance the monuments and make them accessible to visitors by designing special routes, while at the same time ensuring their absolute protection from the circulation of visitors. - To upgrade the educational role of the site by organizing special thematic exhibitions on various aspects of the public and private life of the island's prehistoric inhabitants and by providing corresponding assembly points for groups of visitors. - To guarantee the longevity of the shelter by implementing a modular system of construction, using better quality materials and providing facilities for maintenance/repair and replacement if required. The large and alternative routes increase the site's capacity, so that it can receive at least three times as many visitors as today. In parallel, the following specific but nonetheless important issues are confronted. Implementing a bio-environmental and ecological design with full exploitation of mild forms of energy. Neutralizing ultraviolet and infrared solar radiation and upgrading the natural illumination of the interior. Upgrading the quality of the air in the interior and preventing build-up of carbon dioxide (exhaled by visitors) by applying a totally non-energy consuming system of natural cooling and ventilating of the area to achieve a healthy environment for visitors, personnel and monuments. With all these improvements the new shelter at Akrotiri constitutes an innovative prototype, a model for the enhancement, presentation and management of archaeological sites.
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#3
2010-10-14, 16:24
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Sv: Santorini, never again
Forts.
3. The philosophy and strategy of the design The volcanic eruption that caused the destruction of this unique prehistoric settlement in the seventeenth century BC covered the entire island with volcanic material and sealed the city, preserving it for 3500 years. Its discovery and excavation yield invaluable information on the society, culture, trade, art and work of the people of that period, mainly through scientific research and study of the finds, among them the remarkable wall-paintings that decorated the buildings. The material that at once destroyed and protected the settlement, volcanic earth pumice and pozzuolana, was the central tool for defining the philosophy of the design of the intervention. Together with earth, sun, air and water complete the quartet of natural elements composing the central strategy of the design, which could be epigrammatically considered as a NON- INTERVENTION. From the four natural elements emerge the four basic qualities cool, warm, wet, dry that are also the basic aims of the environmental conditions in the archaeological site the new shelter is called on to serve. - Earth is part of the external topography and the insulation of the shelter. The shelter is designed in such a way that it does not violate the overall harmony of the surrounding area with a large, massive structure, but is arranged as an extension of the surrounding ground, reconstructing the actual contours with dry-stone walls and planted with resistant vegetation of the local flora. - Sun illuminates the archaeological site evenly (equal height lighting) through the special north openings. Penetration of ultraviolet and infrared radiation is prevented by a combination of the special glass and the arched wooden frames with graduated openings between the louvres, that also constitute elements of the shelter's nature as a continuation of the ground. - Air ventilates and cools the sheltered archaeological site through the northward openings and the southward louvres. Renewal of the air and cooling of the site takes place in the evening, while during the day the visitors' exhalations (CO2) are abducted from the gap of the shelter frame through graduated openings between the wooden louvres of the roof. This natural ventilation cooling system maintains a constant temperature inside the shelter some 60C lower than that outside, achieving a natural, comfortable warmth without any technical air-conditioning support. - Water, from the rain which permeates the ground of the shelter, is collected filtered in the south gutters of the arched surfaces of the roof and is channeled in the conduits along its length (east and west) to cisterns. So there is maximum exploitation of rain water for the needs of the site personnel and the visitors, as well as for the conservation of the archaeological finds. DEVELOPMENT, MODIFICATION AND REPLACEMENT OF THE SHELTER OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE AT AKROTIRI THERA SUPPORT - FINANCE: MINISTRY OF CULTURE Programme "TOURISM - CULTURE", Subprogramme "CULTURE" Co-financed by 2nd & 3rd EU FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME EMPLOYER : THE ATHENS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY REPRESENTATIVE: CHRISTOS. DOUMAS, PROFESSOR EMERITUS OF PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY AT ATHENS UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL CONSULTANT OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY: SYNTHESIS & RESEARCH LTD - HELLINOTECHNIKI S.A.- TALOS MELETITIKI S.A. CONSTRUCTION - DESIGN - SUPERVISION: PROJECT CONSORTIUM OF AKROTIRI - SANTORINI CONSORTIUM «J&P-AVAX S.A. – CONSORTIUM IMPREGILO S.p.A. - J&P-AVAX S.A. – EMPEDOS S.A.» -----------------------------------------------------------------------PROJECT RECORD The project has received EU financial support because it consists the awarded European Research Program “ASPIRE” - Archaeological Sites Protection Implementing Renewable Energies – which is designed by the Architect N. Fintikakis in the framework of the European Program “SOLAR HOUSE” of the DG XII and has been selected as innovative application of Bioclimatic Architecture in Archaeological Sites. The applicable technologies as well as a great number of new archaeological findings are visited and studied by a numerous of International Scientific Institutions and Universities.
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Hybrid-visning
